什么是独立主格

什么是独立主格

“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为主语。“独立主格结构”在句中的功能就相当于一个带有自己主语的状语从句。众所周知非限制性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语，从而依附于主句。而有些非限制性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语，在结构上与主句不发生关系，因此成为独立主格结构。其实，虽然叫做独立主格结构，并不是真正的独立，它还是一种从属分句，在句中有多种作用。如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语作用。有时还可以做定语 。独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如：1) 表示时间The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。the meeting being over相当于when the meeting was overHer work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。her work done相当于when her work was done2） 表示条件The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。the condition being favorable相当于If the condition is favorable3） 表示原因There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。There being no taxis相当于Since there was no taxis,He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。as the night was dark and frosty4） 表示伴随情况Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors,and silver is the best of all.)5） 表示补充说明We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。*注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。特点（1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。（2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即逻辑主语为动作执行者。（3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。（不绝对）3类型编辑独立主格类型1：名词（代词）+现在分词The question being settled, we went home.问题解决之后，我们就回家了。We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting. 明天假设天气好，我们就进行比赛。The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off. 班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。独立主格类型2：名词（代词）+过去分词The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。The last bus gone, we had to walk home. 最后一班公车已经走了，我们必须走路回家。More time given, we should have done the job much better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。独立主格类型3：名词（代词）+不定式Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. 如果明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。独立主格类型4：名词（代词）+介词短语The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。A girl came in, book in hand. 一个少女进来了，手里拿着书。He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影。独立主格类型5：名词（代词）+形容词或副词He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. 他坐在前排，嘴半开着。She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter. 她坐在桌前，衣领已解掉，头低了下来，拿好钢笔，准备开始写一封长信。独立主格类型6：There being +名词（代词）There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。独立主格类型7：It being +名词（代词）It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。